Maritime connections across the North Sea
Maritime connections across the North Sea
Maritime connections across the North Sea
Maritime connections across the North Sea
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Why are so many nautical words in Danish the same as in Dutch? Who taught the shipwrights in the Royal Danish Shipyard in Copenhagen to build carvel planked ships? How did the first Danish ships find their way to the riches of the East Indies? These questions and many more are meet in this Ph.D. dissertation, which circles around the maritime relationships between especially the seaward provinces of the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries. In the early renaissance Dutch maritime technology was imported by the Danish king, who recruited craftsmen and bough ships in the Netherlands and later on the Royal Danish Navy was profoundly influenced by Dutch master shipbuilders and naval officers. But it was not only maritime experts and mariners who travelled to the North, but also ordinary Scandinavian sailors, who migrated the other way and took a part in Dutch shipping to all parts of the world. This labour migration has been known amongst Dutch scholars for some time, but is almost unknow in Scandinavian historical circles. For the first time data from the Amsterdam City archive has made it possible to get closer to the individual sailors, who hailed from the coastal districts of Norway, the Southwest coast of Denmark and for a lesser part the West coast of Sweden and their participation in the Dutch shipping industry has been analyzed showing, that they learned important maritime skills onboard. Coming back to Scandinavia these sailors were the backbone of the navies and merchant fleets of the Scandinavian countries especially in the eighteenth century. This study of maritime labour migration will be of interest for scholars of maritime-, migration and technology history but also for anyone, who likes to read about the life’s and work of ordinary sailors in the 17th and 18th centuries. Contents: Preface 1 Introduction 1.1. Research Overview 1.1.1. Denmark 1.1.2. Norway 1.1.3. Sweden 1.1.4. Germany 1.1.5. The Netherlands 1.2. Conclusion 1.3. The composition of the dissertation 1.4. Theory 1.4.1. Situated learning 1.4.2. Practice communities 1.4.3. Peripheral, legitimate participation 1.4.4. Change of identity and community of practice 1.4.5. Objectification of the community of practice 1.5. Conclusion 1.6. Sources and Methods 1.6.1. Time- and Area delimitations 1.6.2. The Dutch in the Danish conglomerate state 1.6.3. The acquisition of Dutch and Scandinavian sailors by the Royal Danish Navy during the Scanian War 1.6.4. Scandinavian seamen in the Netherlands 1.6.5. The Notarial archives in GAS (Gemeente Amsterdam Stadsarchief (the city archives of Amsterdam)) 1.6.6. Muster rolls for the flagship of Admiral Cornelis Tromp 1.6.7. The Waterschout Archive in GAS 1.6.8. The Waterschout Archive in GAS. All nations in the spring of 1780 1.6.9. Autobiographies 1.6.10. Ships lists 2. Historical Background 2.1. The shipping industries in the realms of the Danish king and in the Netherlands 2.1.1. Shipping in the Danish conglomerate state 2.1.2. The shipping industry of the Netherlands 2.2. Conclusion 2.3. Migration to the Netherlands 2.3.1. Push/pull factors as a background for migration 2.3.2. Other motives for migration 2.3.3. Mobility in the early modern period 2.3.4. Circular migration 2.3.5. Chain migration 2.3.6. Career migration 2.4. Conclusion 3. Dutch experts in Denmark-Norway and the Duchies 3.1. Shipbuilders and shipwrights 3.2. Dutch sailors in the Royal Danish Navy 3.2.1. Dutch naval officers and navigators in the Royal Danish Navy 3.2.2. Ordinary Dutch seamen and petty officers 3.3. Dutch sailors and navigators on Danish and Norwegian merchant ships 3.4. Other Dutch experts in the maritime sector 3.5. Conclusion 4. Import of Dutch maritime technology and practice 4.1. The particular Dutch art of shipbuilding and the types of vessels of the Netherlands 4.2. Rigging 4.3. Import of Dutch vessels into the realms of the Danish king 4.3.1. Import to Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein 4.3.2. Import of Dutch vessels to Norway 4

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